Robinson Crusoe Critique free essay sample

Volodin Robinson Crusoe And The New Middle Class Before analyzing Robinson Crusoe it is important to give a short background of the author of such an incredible novel. Daniel Defoe was born in 1660 and died in 1731 after a life of adventures and incredible experiences. He was raised to be very religious and his parents were strongly attached to the puritanism tendency that was spreading around Europe. These aspects and the strong education imposed by his parents will strongly influence Robinson Crusoe’s psychology. Furthermore, Defoe worked as a Merchant, Insurer and during his entire live he has been sent in prison several times for either small or serious issues. Having such an experience, Defoe strongly felt to be part of the New Middle class that was flourishing due to the new colonies and the economic boom of that period. In this way we can say that his personal experience, family education and the influence of the growing Middle class strongly gave to Defoe the impulse to create a character such as Robinson Crusoe, who represents the typical New Middle Class person who can, using his brain and his talent, always succeed in life. We will write a custom essay sample on Robinson Crusoe Critique or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Robinson Crusoe represents the prototype of the typical English Merchant, heartless and unceasingly looking for a profitable business to lead. This new type of figure continuously changes because of the unsatisfactory position it has in the society and always strives to find new ways to make profit. In fact, Robinson Crusoe reveals these characteristics, and his strong attachment to the religion, when he sells Xury to the Captain. He offerd me also 60 Pieces of Eight more for my Boy Xury, which I was loath to take, not that I was not willing to let the Captain have him, but I was very loath to sell the poor Boys Liberty, who had assisted me so faithfully in procuring my own. However when I let him know my Reason, he own’d it to be just, and offer’d me this Medium, that he would give the Boy an Obligation to set him free in ten Years, if he turn’s Christian; upon this, and Xury saying he was willing to go to him, I let the Captain have him. † From this quota tion powerfully comes out the strong education gave to Robinson Crusoe. Crusoe does not really care about Xury, even though he has served him loyally. This passage highlights the new situation of the Middle Class represented by Robinson Crusoe that championed individualism, seizing every single opportunity to have a personal profit, relying just on own powers and talents. Furthermore, agreeing on converting Xury into a Christian let us explicitly understand the importance of the Puritan education imposed to Defoe by his family with the consequent reflection of this approach on Robinson Crusoe, who just agrees after making sure that the Captain have to turn Xury into a â€Å"Good Christian†. Robinson Crusoe demonstrates to be the â€Å"new bourgeois-man† during his long stay at the isle. The island becomes the perfect field to completely release his middle class attitudes and the opportunity to show that he deserves to be saved by God’s providence. It is important to interpret properly the significant of the Island. Crusoe’s stay at the island has to be seen as the chance for Robinson Crusoe to prove his qualities controlling, manipulating and exploiting the Nature. Consequently, Crusoe starts to â€Å"recreate† the English society of the 18th Century, sticking to the Middle Class uses of efficiency and individuality. For instance, when Crusoe meets Friday he decides to impose him his way of living showing once again his necessity to impose the â€Å"English life style†. In fact, further on in the novel Robinson Crusoe teaches to Friday how to speak English and how to interpret the holy Bible. In the island comes out even the typical attachment to the Puritanism of the Middle Class represented by Robinson Crusoe who believed in the God’s Providence. Crusoe is convinced that God is the first cause of everything but he can change his destiny by acting following his brain and using his talents. To conclude, Defoe shows us a perfect hero who, following the Middle Class education and mentality, can face every problem and solving it using his brain and his talents. It is incredible how Defoe could impress in an unbelievable way the main aspects of the growing Middle Class. Like Robinson Crusoe demonstrates, and Defoe in first person firmly thinks, a person using his own skill and being always self aware of his possibility can emerge and always find a way to survive and succeed in life if he really wants and strives for that.

The goal of the design essay is for you to reflect Essays - Design

The goal of the design essay is for you to reflect Essays - Design The goal of the design essay is for you to reflect on what you learned about design during the first half of the semester. I would like to see specific learning that you experienced. You can focus on particular designtools, design process and design concepts that you learned; or you can focus on specific changes in your attitudes or behaviors vis-a-vis design and innovation. You are encouraged to bring specific examples that illustrates those learnings, and draw from the readings and discussion points that we had in the class in illustrating your points. You are also encouraged to include 1 - 2 visual elements, if necessary, to support your points. However, it is an essay, not a visual presentation. The length of the essay is no more than 2 pages (single space, 1-inch margin all around, 11-point font). Your name should be included in the header. I will set up a page on Canvas so that you can directly submit your work through Canvas. The essay that clearly articulates (a) the nature and the substance of concepts that you learned and (b) how they changed you (before and after) will receive high grades. WHAT IS DESIGN Combination of form, function matter to render service Products are conduits of delivering service. Users always co-create VALUE with the producers. value comes from meeting unmet needs there are only few basic human needs Design is to induce people do what you want them to do in your absence, through understanding people and tools. Leadership is to influence people do what you want them to do in your absence, through available means. analysis: the separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements ( opposed to synthesis) synthesis: the combining of the constituent elements of separate material or abstract entities into a single or unified entity (opposed to analysis) PROCESS OVERVIW: 1.TELL UR STORY TAKE NOTES, ISLOATE IDEAS, PUT ON WALL, IDENTIFY PATTERN, "BUSINESS DESIGN is a human-centred approach to creative problem solving. It applies design methods and mindsets to business challenges. It can be effectively used to help better understand customers, create new experiences and design innovative business strategies and models." SYMBOL THING ACTION IDEA

Black Holes Essays (1293 words) - Black Holes, Event Horizon

Black Holes Everyday we look out upon the night sky, wondering and dreaming of what lies beyond our planet. The universe that we live in is so diverse and unique, and it interests us to learn about all the variance that lies beyond our grasp. Within this marvel of wonders our universe holds a mystery that is very difficult to understand because of the complications that arise when trying to examine and explore the principles of space. That mystery happens to be that of the ever clandestine, black hole. This essay will hopefully give you the knowledge and understanding of the concepts, properties, and processes involved with the space phenomenon of the black hole. It will describe how a black hole is generally formed, how it functions, and the effects it has on the universe. In order to understand what exactly a black hole is, we must first take a look at the basis for the cause of a black hole. All black holes are formed from the gravitational collapse of a star, usually having a great, massive, core. A star is created when huge, gigantic, gas clouds bind together due to attractive forces and form a hot core, combined from all the energy of the two gas clouds. This energy produced is so great when it first collides, that a nuclear reaction occurs and the gases within the star start to burn continuously. The Hydrogen gas is usually the first type of gas consumed in a star and then other gas elements such as Carbon, Oxygen, and Helium are consumed. This chain reaction fuels the star for millions or billions of years depending upon the amount of gases there are. The star manages to avoid collapsing at this point because of the equilibrium achieved by itself. The gravitational pull from the core of the star is equal to the gravitational pull of the gases forming a type of orbit, however when this equality is broken the star can go into several different stages. Usually if the star is small in mass, most of the gases will be consumed while some of it escapes. This occurs because there is not a tremendous gravitational pull upon those gases and therefore the star weakens and becomes smaller. It is then referred to as a White Dwarf. If the star was to have a larger mass however, then it may possibly Supernova, meaning that the nuclear fusion within the star simply goes out of control causing the star to explode. After exploding a fraction of the star is usually left (if it has not turned into pure gas) and that fraction of the star is known as a neutron star. A black hole is one of the last option that a star may take. If the core of the star is so massive (approximately 6-8 solar masses; one solar mass being equal to the sun's mass) then it is most likely that when the star's gases are almost consumed those gases will collapse inward, forced into the core by the gravitational force laid upon them. After a black hole is created, the gravitational force continues to pull in space debris and other type of matters to help add to the mass of the core, making the hole stronger and more powerful. Most black holes tend to be in a consistent spinning motion. This motion absorbs various matter and spins it within the ring (known as the Event Horizon) that is formed around the black hole. The matter keeps within the Event Horizon until it has spun into the centre where it is concentrated within the core adding to the mass. Such spinning black holes are known as Kerr Black Holes. Most black holes orbit around stars due to the fact that they once were a star, and this may cause some problems for the neighboring stars. If a black hole gets powerful enough it may actually pull a star into it and disrupt the orbit of many other stars. The black hole could then grow even stronger (from the star's mass) as to possibly absorb another. When a black hole absorbs a star, the star is first pulled into the Ergosphere, which sweeps all the matter into the Event Horizon, named for it's flat horizontal

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International business - Essay Example Combustible energy sources like coal, oil and wood emit environmental pollutants and contaminants. Only those sources that offer minimal contamination to the environment are deemed acceptable if they are to be sustainable. The sun is the cleanest source of energy with its free-of-charge irradiation and easy access all over the world. The sun’s irradiation can be converted to usable energy via hybrid conversion, simultaneously, into electrical and thermal energy (Afgan, 2008: p240). This involves the use of hybrid collectors that differ from thermal collectors due to the construction of their absorber, with solar cells, water flow tubes, and a metal system. The collectors can be used in hospitals, private companies and small industries. Compared to ordinary solar panels, the hybrid collector ensures better usage of space, savings during construction and the simultaneous conversion of solar energy into electric and thermal, current using one device. They are contemporary and eco logically clean. Sustainable development can be defined as the as the integral cultural, social, technological, and economic development that is adjusted to the requirements of environmental protection, thus enabling present and future generations to satisfy their needs and improve their quality of life (Afgan, 2008: p242). The underlying principle of sustainable development is the creation of an effectual system of distribution and application of resources over the long-term. Sustainable development focuses on the rational use of the earth’s natural treasures, with the concept oriented towards life upgrading and improvement of environmental quality. In order to accomplish sustainable development, there is a need to provide sustainable energy. This means that future development needs to be based on the lowering and strict control of environmental emissions and the use of renewable and clean energy (Afgan, 2008: p243). The cleanest source of energy that can aid in the achievem ent of this goal is solar energy. For five billion years, the sun has been sustaining and enabling life on earth. The sun’s rays have provided energy for growth, as well as development, of plants via the process of photosynthesis. Now, it is time for the sun to power our industries and drive development around the world as a sustainable energy source. Key Words; Solar energy, solar collectors, sustainable development 1. SUSTAINABILITY Solar energy is one of the main sources of clean and sustainable fuels. The main source of power or the fuel is suns rays that falls on the earth. Solar collector that is used to generate power using suns rays is essentially a sustainable system. The main reason as to why this is called sustainable is that the energy source continues to provide limitless energy. Unlike finite sources of power such as oil or coal, there is no depletion of power. While creating energy, carbon is mot emitted in significant quantity. It is true that some amount of c arbon is released and conventional power consumed while making the solar panels and solar cells and while manufacturing components such as solar collectors, inverters, batteries, electrical lines and cables and other such components. However, these are one-time costs only. The process of power generation and consumption remains sustainable and perennial. It meets the definition of sustainability where the needs of the present are met and the needs of the future generations are not compromised. There is almost zero impact on the environment due

The danger of smoking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The danger of smoking - Research Paper Example Therefore, it is extremely essential to increase the level of awareness of the general public regarding the ill effects and hazards of smoking. The cigarette smoking might immediately change the precious life of the human being into death through stroke or heart attack. According to Gary Ford, it is stated that habit of consuming tobacco is more influential rather than health consciousness. Therefore, these individual consider tobacco smoking to be a passion or relaxation from their mental tension and so, they consume tobacco without any distress for health. Moreover, most of the individual treat smoking as a sense of status and style and so do not believe in the statistics of deaths presented by WHO or National Health Service (NHS). But they always remain in the top-most position in the list of deaths caused for excessive smoking of tobacco. Therefore, in order to decrease the rate of deaths or health related disorders, the passion of tobacco smoking needs to be reduced significantly. Tobacco smoking is extremely dangerous as it means the inhalation of numerous harmful chemicals or by-products of smoke such as nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide. Nicotine is the addictive constituent of tobacco (Ford 525). When nicotine is smoked, then immediately the molecules get inside the lungs of the individual. Then these nicotine molecules get absorbed by the blood stream and travel to the brain and lock the specific receptor regions. However by locking the specific receptor regions, the brain gets affected in a way that hinders the metabolism and appetite of the individual. Carbon monoxide is also another important ingredient of tobacco smokes. Carbon monoxide is also a poisonous gas inhaled into the lungs and absorbed by the blood cells of the body. After being inhaled, carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen present in blood cells and so numerous cells die, because of lack of oxygen supply. However,

Research Utilization Project - Fecal Transplantation Essay Example for Free

Research Utilization Project Fecal Transplantation Essay Clostridium difficile (C-difficile) is a common bacterium that is a frequent cause of infection in the colon and effects numerous patients. Clostridium difficile increases the hospital costs associated with inpatient care, including identification of the organism as well as treatment. The most common cause of C-difficile infection is the elimination of normal intestinal flora caused by antibiotic use. Standard treatment of C-difficile infection includes the use of oral (Flagyl) and intravenous (Vancomycin) antibiotic therapy. The use of fecal transplantation to treat C-difficile infection is increasing in popularity. Research regarding fecal transplantation dates back to 1958; however, the efficacy of fecal transplant for the treatment of C-difficile are rapidly emerging with noted benefits for patients. The mere thought of presenting fecal transplantation for the treatment of a C-difficile infection is often dismissed because of limited available evidence and the concerns about using someone else’s stool to treat the infection. The necessity to educate patients with C-difficile is an additional challenge. Potential donors and recipients need to be assured of minimal risks associated with the screening and transplantation process. The ability to educate society on the results of evidence-based practice regarding the treatment of C-difficile with fecal transplantation should minimize concerns and enhance patient outcomes. The creation of a patient education programs is increasingly beneficial when multiple health care professionals and interdisciplinary teams are involved. Thus, a project objective in implementing an educational patient program for fecal transplantation is the creation of an informative brochure for potential use in the Endoscopy Department at Sharp Memorial Hospital by December 2014. The treatment regimen for initial and chronic C-difficile with fecal transplantation is inexpensive and noted as extremely effective. The articles reviewed consistently reveal efficacy rates greater than 85%. Fecal transplantation for the treatment of C-difficile continues to illicit multiple verbal and non-verbal responses and is not considered a standard of care for patients, families, communities, and hospital staff. The implementation of an informative educational brochure will minimize fears, hesitations, and reluctance for the treatment of C-difficile with fecal transplantation. The central theme of transplanting feces from a selected healthy donor to the recipient with C-difficile is often met with resistance. The fecal transplantation brochure will encompass aspects of fecal transplantation with the expectation of educating patients, families, and communities. Additionally, the brochure would enhance awareness of hospital staff providing an opportunity to educate units or departments. The application of Kurt Lewin’s change model for the implementation of an educational brochure for fecal transplantation will be employed. The current treatment modalities for C-difficile and the methods of transmission are increasingly becoming expensive for health care organizations. The financial goals of the organization are to decrease the rates of C-difficile and possibly entertain the concept of fecal transplantation. A dichotomous survey will be used to measure awareness and use of fecal transplantation for the treatment of C-difficile. The interdisciplinary team employed to create the brochure would prove beneficial in developing standardized procedures in performing fecal transplantations. The Southern California Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates is an excellent venue for potentially validating and communicating the results. The two possible grant funding sources for the fecal transplantation brochure is the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) and the American Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates (SGNA). The creation and implementation of an educational brochure for patients considered for fecal transplantation would enhance community education and minimize fears in treating C-difficile with fecal transplantation. Keywords: fecal transplantation, clostridium difficile, fecal micobiota transplantation Problem Identification The traditional treatments for patients diagnosed with infections of the colon are antibiotics. However, many antibiotics kill the normal healthy bacteria of the colon. This results in an overwhelming increase in the risk for developing a C-difficile infection. Medicine. Net (2012) stated, â€Å"Patients taking antibiotics are at risk of becoming infected with C. difficile as antibiotics can disrupt the normal bacteria of the bowel, allowing C. ifficile to become established in the colon† (para. 1). The potential for implementing the use of fecal transplantations for the treatment of C-difficile among the general population is questionable. The mere thought of presenting fecal transplantation for the treatment of a C-difficile infection is often dismissed because of limited available evidence and the concerns about using someone else’s stool to treat the infect ion. Rohlke and Stollman (2012) stated, â€Å"Cure rates of 90% are being consistently reported from multiple enters. Transplantation [fecal] can be provided through a variety of methodologies, either to the lower proximal, lower distal, or upper gastrointestinal tract† (p. 403). An additional consideration is the perception of fecal transplantation within the community. The necessity to educate patients with C-difficile is an additional challenge. Potential donors and recipients need to be assured of minimal risks associated with the screening and transplantation process. Current research supports and discusses a comprehensive approach to identification and screening for potential fecal donors, donor preparation, and transplantation procedures. The procedure for donor selection and screening is comprehensive to prevent the transmission of infection. According to Hamilton, Weingarden, Sadowsky, and Khoruts (2012), â€Å"The [donor] history includes assessment of infectious risk, including identification of known risk factors for HIV and Hepatitis, current communicable diseases, and recent travel to areas of the world with a higher prevalence of diarrheal illnesses† (p. 3). In educating patients, families, and the community at large, the rigor associated with the screening process must be emphasized to reduce fear. The project objective in implementing an educational patient program for fecal transplantation is the creation of an informative brochure for potential use in the Endoscopy Department at Sharp Memorial Hospital by December 2014. The brochure will be created using a collaborative approach by employing endoscopic nursing champions. The goal is for the brochure to be patient specific and encompass appropriate information to decrease fears and answer questions associated with fecal transplantation. Additionally, the development of a patient posttest associated with the brochure will be created to evaluate the effectiveness of content delivery and adjusted accordingly to meet patient needs and desired outcomes. The proposed solution will minimize the ambiguity and fears associated with fecal transplantation for the treatment of C-difficile. Solution Description The proposed solution for teaching potential recipients and donors about fecal transplantation for the treatment of C-difficile is to diminish infection rates. By creating and implementing a comprehensive nursing educational approach patients and donors can be well informed on this innovative treatment modality. â€Å"In many areas of clinical decision making, research has demonstrated that â€Å"tried and true† practices taught in basic nursing education are not always best† (Polit Beck, 2012, p. 25). The ability to educate society on the results of evidence-based practice regarding the treatment of C-difficile with fecal transplantation should minimize concerns and enhance patient outcomes. The creation of a patient education program is increasingly beneficial when multiple health care professionals and interdisciplinary teams are involved. The importance of evidence-based practice is to ensure the evidence about fecal transplants has been collected, evaluated, and implemented to establish the best practice and approach. The main premise for patient safety is to ensure donors have been thoroughly screened to minimize the potential for the transmission of other diseases with feces. According to Rohlke and Stollman (2012) on donor selection, â€Å"There have not yet been any adverse events reported that can be conclusively or directly attributed to [fecal microbiota transplantation] FMT, and proper donor screening is essential to avoid transmitting communicable diseases from donor to recipient† (p. 406). Individuals with recurrent C-difficile infections are moderately self-educated regarding treatment modalities and are receptive to the idea of fecal transplantation. The emphasis on educating patients, families, and communities regarding fecal transplantation as the initial treatment regimen is the focus. Hospital and individual associated costs in administering antibiotic therapy for the treatment of C-difficile could be drastically reduced by using fecal transplantation as the initial therapy. Brandt (2012) stated in reply, â€Å"Do patients typically accept fecal transplantation as a treatment option? Yes †¦patients typically respond with interest, and they are generally positive about trying it and they do not typically react with disgust† (para. ). The current research base associated with fecal transplantation demonstrates high cure rates while minimizing the reoccurrence of C-difficile. Rohlke and Stollman (2012) stated, â€Å"Cure rates of 90% are being consistently reported from multiple centers† (p. 403). The review of current literature demonstrates that patient education for fecal transplantation is performed by a gastroenterologist and not the gastrointestinal (GI) nurse. Patient education provided to patients from physicians typically entails a one-way communication style. In this scenario, the gastroenterologist sends the information to the patient, and there is little discussion with the receiver. Thus, patients commonly seek out more information from the registered nurse. The ability to educate patients regarding fecal transplantation using the proposed brochure would facilitate a commonality and minimize fears. The feasibility of implementing the brochure into endoscopic departments would be perplexing and centered on nursing knowledge of fecal transplantation. Brodine and Kellogg (2013) stated, â€Å"All patients infected or colonized with C. ifficile must be educated about this bacterium, proper disease management, and transmission prevention. The nurse should use patient-centered communication—free of jargon and appropriate to the patient’s health-literacy level† (para. 13). The health care organization must employ educational programs specific to the needs of the patients and desired outcomes. â€Å"The Joint Commission recommends using the â€Å"teach-back† and â€Å"show-back† methods to educate patients; that is, ask the patient to â€Å"teach back† the information provided or demonstrate understanding by â€Å"showing† a skill†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Brodline Kellogg, 2013, para. 3). The organizational culture at Sharp Memorial Hospital for nursing is centered on the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) Magnet Recognition Program ®. The nursing strategic plan is developed by nursing leaders with input from nursing staff based on the hospital strategic plan. Additionally, nurse leaders emphasize that innovation is a core value and part of the nursing process. Nurse leaders encourage innovation through training, resources, and role modeling (Beyond Excellence, 2013). The roposed solution of implementing patient education for fecal transplantation is supported by Sharp Memorial Hospital because it involves introducing new knowledge regarding innovative, evidence-based treatment modalities. Research Report Clostridium difficile infection remains a constant struggle for hospitals. The standard treatment regimen of antibiotics commonly results in relapses. Research on fecal transplantation is continuing to emerge as a promising alternative approach in treating chronic C-difficile infections. Numerous studies demonstrate positive outcomes with the administration of fecal transplant in the treatment of C-difficile (Rohlke Stollman, 2012). Fecal transplantation has shown through research studies to be a useful treatment for C-difficile infection via the restoration of intestinal normal flora (Brandt, 2012). The most common sign reported by patients diagnosed with C-difficile is chronic diarrhea. Johnson (2012) stated, â€Å"The administration of antibiotics can alter the balance of normal colonic flora to permit the overgrowth of pathogenic C. ifficile strains that produce toxins which cause diarrhea and associated symptoms† (para. 5). In an article published in the Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, the authors reported 17 of 22 fecal transplantations for the treatment of C-difficile were effective (Landy, Al-Hassi, MLaughlin, Walker, Nicholls, Clark, Hart, 2011). The substantiated results of the review article highlighted major differences in patients, donors, screening, methods of administration, and the definition of treatment responses (Landy et al. , 2011). The multiple factors highlighted in this review of treating C-difficile with fecal transplantation review across the spectrum using a standard approach is essential to supporting increased use of this treatment modality. Landy et al. (2011) stated, â€Å"Standardized controlled studies are necessary to ascertain the most effective treatment regimen as well as the most acceptable method of treatment† (p. 414). Grehen, Borody, Leis, Campbell, Mitchell, and Wettstein (2010) published a study, â€Å"to demonstrate the benefits of fecal biotherapy and the role of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of gastrointestinal conditions† (p. 51). The study included 10 patients treated with fecal transplantation and monitored the progress of bacterial population of the colon pre and post transplantation for a 24 week period. Grehen et al. (2010) found the following: At intervals of 4, 8, and 24 weeks after the procedure, the bacterial populations in the patients’ fecal samples consisted predominantly of bacteria derived from the health donor samples. Comparisons of similarity at 4, 8, and 24 week samples to the donor-infused sample were made and each recipient’s baseline sample was statistically significant with Friedmen test. p. 551) Rohlke and Stollman (2012) noted that C-difficile rates continue to rise with greater intensity and severity. The treatment of C-difficile with fecal transplantation is an emerging and accepted intervention in patients with recurrent C-difficile. Rohlke and Stollman (2012) stated, â€Å"Cure rates of 90% are being consistently reported from multiple centers. Transplantation can be provided through a variety of methodologies, either to the lower proximal, lower distal, or upper gastrointestinal tract† (p. 403). The review by Rohlke and Stollman (2012) analyzed reports validating the factors of â€Å"donor selection, appropriate patient criteria, and the preparations and mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplant delivery available to clinicians and patients† (p. 403). The internal validity of the research articles reviewed demonstrates moderate samples were randomly selected. The current literature validated the need for more randomized controlled studies to determine established guidelines for the implementation of fecal transplantation. Additionally, the treatment regimen for initial and chronic C-difficile with fecal transplantation is inexpensive and noted as extremely effective. The independent variable of the effectiveness of fecal transplantation for the treatment of C-difficile remained a consistent theme. The articles reviewed consistently reveal efficacy rates greater than 85%. The external validity of the study articles revealed fecal transplantation processes are varied in the process of which patients are treated, the donor selection criteria, donor screening protocols, and the methods of delivery. The outcomes of the results reported are moderately consistent; however, the ability to generalize a standardized treatment pathway is ambiguous and larger multi-organizational and multi-disciplinary studies are essential. Rex (2012) found the following: Several studies of fecal transplantation have demonstrated high cure rates. The latest and largest to date is a retrospective case series involving 70 patients in Finland (mean age, 73; 86% outpatients). Overall, 94% of these patients had symptom resolution during the first 12 weeks after transplantation, including 32 of the 36 infected with the O27 strain of C. ifficile and all 34 of those infected with other strains. No immediate complications occurred. (para. 1) Fecal transplantation in the treatment for C-difficile has proven to be highly successful in a limited number of studies. In determining if fecal transplantation should be the standard of treatment for C-difficile infection, larger controlled studies are required. Additionally, a standard process related to donor screening, implantation techniques, transplant follow-up, and regularly documenting patient outcomes are essential in establishing standardized fecal transplantation protocols.

Free Essays - Notes on The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Notes on The Great Gatsby Chapter 1 Characters Introduced: * Nick Carraway - A wealthy mid-westerner in his mid-twenties who fought in world war one, currently working in New York city and living next door to Mr.Gastby. * Daisy - Nick's second cousin is very cynical and bored with the rich life, married to Tom Buchanan. * Tom Buchanan - Nick's friend from Yale, very wealthy and successful, and very pretentious. * Jordan Baker - A golfer who spends time with the Buchanan's, also very snooty. Literary Period: * "I participated in that delayed Teutonic migration known as the Great War"(7) - World War One is spoken of as the great war * "Just as things grow in fast movies"(8) - Stop motion movies were a novelty at that time. * Everybody invests or talks about stocks. Style: * Complex wording and sentence structure: "But I didn't call to him for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone - he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling."(25) Characterization: * "It's all scientific stuff; it's been proved."(17) - Tom claims to very educated, but he speaks incorrectly, saying "proved" instead of "proven" * "Something was making him nibble at the edge of stale ideas as if his sturdy physical egotism no longer nourished his peremptory heart." - Sums up Tom's attitude; he wants to be better than someone, so he finds snooty books with illogical ideas to back up his racist feeling of superiority. Literary Devices: * "secrets that only Midas and Morgan and Maecenas knew"(8) - allusion to King Midas and other fables. * "their dresses were rippling and fluttering as if they had just been blown back in after a short flight around the house."(12) - simile. * "on which two young women were buoyed up as though upon an anchored balloon"(12) - simile * "as if each speech is in arrangement of notes that will never be played again."(13) - simile. Summary: The author, Nick Carraway moves to the New York area to become a bond man. He spends the afternoon with his second cousin, Daisy, and her husband Tom Buchanan, who are very wealthy, and the evening is filled with a lot of talk about nothing, except that Tom has a mistress somewhere.

Hamlet’s antic disposition is feigned Essay

Hamlet has been known as one of the greatest of Shakespeare’s plays. This is mainly because the protagonist has confused scholarly minds for centuries on end with his complex personality and muddled thoughts, which in turn leads onto his actions, or rather inaction. His incomprehensibility by many leads me only to conclude that he is mad. His irrational and rational thoughts are forever in conflict due to his state of depression and paranoia; therefore, he chooses to put on an â€Å"antic disposition† which serves as a â€Å"convenient outlet† to his â€Å"sanity slipping away† (Wilson), masking the true nature of his mind, which has become â€Å"far gone, far gone†. In Hamlet’s introduction, we see him portrayed as a weak, melancholic man – as exemplified through his clothes of â€Å"nighted† colours. He is consumed by the grief of the passing of his father, the â€Å"dexterity† of which his mother re-marries, and her pleasure in entering the â€Å"incestuous sheets† with Claudius, Hamlet’s Uncle. This melancholic state is shown to be quite serious in his soliloquies, where he states that he wants to â€Å"Thaw and resolve [himself] into a dew†. This sorrowful talk of suicide clearly shows Hamlet’s melancholic mind which can be perceived as mad. In the Elizabethan time, Hamlet’s melancholy would have been seen as an imbalance of humour, therefore, although not as blatant as Ophelia’s madness, Hamlet would have still been perceived to be insane. Perhaps in the modern day, one would state that Hamlet is not completely conscious that he is insane, but rather that there is an underlying layer of insanity in Hamlet’s subconscious which influences the temperamental consciousness which the audience sees on stage. Freud states that the conscious mind is similar to a fountain which rises from a great subterranean pool, which is the subconscious. Complying with this image, due to the fact that Hamlet is inclined to take the path of â€Å"self-slaughter†, which he would have done were it not for his fear of God’s â€Å"canon ‘gainst† it, I can only conclude that Hamlet is emotionally and mentally damaged. He consciously clings onto his conscious sanity by turning his hatred towards Gertrude’s â€Å"incestuous sheets†; however, he is already rotten subconsciously due to his depression. Stoll states that Hamlet was a â€Å"renaissance man, loving contemplation†¦. † implying that Hamlet never intended to take part in murder and insanity, but is merely an â€Å"intellectual spirit† (Coleridge). However, the renaissance was a time of change, a revival of learning and culture. How can Stoll justify Hamlet’s thoughts of suicide with such an absurd argument as he was a â€Å"renaissance man†? His thoughts of â€Å"to be or not to be† are marks of inclination towards the path of suicide; however, suicide is nothing but an escape. It certainly does not relate to a â€Å"renaissance man† whose method of thinking would be that of intellectual learning and change for the better. It is a mere product of his insanity which is in turn produced by his melancholia. Perhaps Hamlet’s treatment of Ophelia is the prevailing factor in which we can clearly see Hamlet’s insanity. Wilson Knight states that he is â€Å"murdering his love for Ophelia, on the brink of insanity, taking delight in cruelty. † Hamlet has been summed up quite well within this quote, however, Knight is mistaken in stating that Hamlet was on the â€Å"brink of insanity†. Hamlet was not on the â€Å"brink†. He has passed the â€Å"brink† and fallen into his dismal insanity – this is clearly exemplified through his temperamental behaviour. In his letters, Hamlet writes to Ophelia, â€Å"never doubt I love†, however, in his scene â€Å"alone† with Ophelia, he labels her a whore and states that he â€Å"loved you (Ophelia) not†. His behaviour here cannot be justified by assumptions that he realised Polonius and his Uncle were there, for he only realises this sometime after his mood swings: â€Å"where is your father? † The fact that he suspects another presence to be in the room only further conveys his paranoia. In the nunnery scene of Kenneth Branagh’s ‘Hamlet’, Hamlet hears a faints sound which gives him evidence to presume Polonius is present, however, in the original text, there is no such pause or sound. It is said in a fluent motion which when read out loud, making clear that his thoughts are compiled haphazardly upon one another; exemplifying his imbalanced mind. Ophelia was not acting differently to him yet his insanity manifested itself as paranoia. It is a mere coincidence that this paranoia was founded. His treatment of Ophelia is a clear case where his insanity looms into his conscious. Surely this shows his deterioration and progression towards complete subconscious and conscious insanity. Hamlet’s later exclamation that he â€Å"loved Ophelia† in the graveyard scene with apparent sorrow clearly contradicts his earlier statement that he â€Å"loved† her â€Å"not†. Why he would state such lies to a women he loved – for he had no reason to say he loved her after she was dead – is puzzling. It is clear that insanity had created his imbalanced mind, and the graveyard scene merely shows that shreds of his mind before his depression and insanity set in are still present. Another such case where Hamlet shows conscious insanity is in his talk with Polonius where he calls Polonius a â€Å"fishmonger† and answers his questions irrationally. Although he may mask it as attempting to fool Polonius and others by acting insane, Hamlet is too convincing. Hamlet has given too much away and shown his insanity. The foolish Polonius states that Hamlet’s replies are â€Å"pregnant† with meaning, but Hamlet has merely succeeded in convincing Polonius with mere wit. The only thing Hamlet is â€Å"pregnant† with is his insanity which grows and shows itself in full bloom later in the play. Analysis of Hamlet’s psyche leads quite nicely into his possible Oedipal complex. This is the theory which postulates that Hamlet represses his subconscious sexual desires for Gertrude and it is this subconscious sexual frustration which influences his conscious behaviour to become one of obsession and temperamental paranoia. Ernest Jones states that â€Å"Hamlet feels anguish caused by his father being replaced in his mother’s affections† and that the affection he feels for his mother has underlying â€Å"erotic qualities†. In regards to the replacement of his father, this is quite understandable, for change is hard. His father, Hamlet’s idol (as clearly conveyed through his talks of him as a â€Å"Hyperion†) has been destroyed and the whole structure has fallen. Hamlet wishes to almost become his father due to the subconscious sexual desires that would be fulfilled if he was to achieve this. Therefore, it is only natural that he would feel hate for an intruder – Claudius – for he is almost taking what his subconscious describes as rightfully his. In the closet scene, where Hamlet says to Gertrude that he will â€Å"set up a glass where you can see the inmost part of you†, there is a certain ambiguity in the statement which could have one meaning of reflecting evaluation, and another more sexually explicit meaning. In Kenneth Branagh’s Hamlet, this line is vividly conveyed as if he was about to rape Gertrude. Possibly obsession and insanity followed the anger which spewed out of him coming up to this line, and were it not for the foolish actions of Polonius, it would have gone further. Hans Eysenck has regarded this theory as â€Å"idle speculation†. However, it is not merely â€Å"speculation† for the evidence supporting such a theory refutes this claim. Due to the presence of the Oedipal complex, Hamlet’s speech clearly shows an obsession with the coupling of Claudius and Gertrude. Although this may be due to revenge, the focus on the â€Å"incestuous sheets† and â€Å"adulterous† further supports the Oedipal. Moreover, if Hamlet’s mind was completely focused on revenge, then he would have carried out the vengeful murder directly after the play. He does not because he is confused and internally conflicting against his subconscious sexual desires and his conscious revenge ideas. This is why he does not kill Claudius for quite some time. These conflictions within his psyche is a clear characteristic of an imbalanced mind; implying his insanity.

A Message to Garcia: Characteristics

â€Å"A message to Garcia. † Narrates characteristics of a competent and capable employee, represented by Rowan, which his mission to bring a message to general Garcia. This man is organized, attentive, cooperative, and able to act independently, it is good doing his hob and does not need to be constantly monitored. He is a person focused on results. If a job is assigned to him, he looks for himself how to do it crisp, accrued as soon as possible. He has a great confidence in himself and what he does, so it has no fear of being fired. He is a man that can be trusted to carry out any work from the simplest to the most complicated and important. Personal responsibility means recognizing that you are responsible for your life and the choices you make. It means that you realize that while other people and events have an impact on your life, these people and events don’t shape your life. When you accept personal responsibility for your life, You own up to the fact that how your react to people and events is what’s important . And you can choose how to react to every person you meet and everything that happens to you. The essay exhorts the reader to apply this attitude to his own life as an avenue to success. In other words if you take what you learned from the essay and put it to every day tasks, even down to the simplest thing you can be successful. It shows that you can handle a task. â€Å" when Rowan was given a task of finding Garcia and told to take a message to him he straightway took the letter and went on his way. † He did not ask questions about his mission he simple took the letter and headed out to accomplish the task assigned. Rowan the massager displayed many of the of the leadership traits. Like courage , dependability, decisiveness, in other words this man would make an excellent example of how a leader should be. This book is among the commandants reading list for marines to better them self and seek self-improvement. What I got from this book is that the author wanted people to read this book and in away be like Rowan, like how he took the message with out questions and successful delivered the message. But what I think is that if ever one took on a task with out question everyone will not always secede with what they heave been assigned to do. It is in a person nature to always ask questions in order to get it done the right way.

The Lost World Essay Example

The Lost World Essay Example The Lost World Essay The Lost World Essay This hierarchy makes the English very proud of were they stand in the world and makes them more big headed and this is a little trick I think Doyle used to make the reader at those times more interested and to make them carry on with the reading. The Doda are described as a dense mob and are fascinated and bewildered, shaggy red haired creatures. Doyle makes a contrast on page 179 by describing the Doda and the Accola; this compares them to make us have a clear picture of them. Ned describes the Accola as little, clean limbed, red fellows this makes page 179 very interesting because you see how Doyle makes the reader take the Accolas side instead of the Dodas. In page 190 you see how the British like to hunt and dont really care if they exterminate a whole species, we now this because Roxton says By George! I wish I had 50 men with rifles. Id clear out the whole infernal gang of them and leave this country a bit cleaner than we found it . We dont see this kind of behaviour in the BBC movie The Lost World. They had to make it more modern and so they cut out all the racism from the book and altered quite a few bits so that no one would get offended watching it. For example in the book we see how Edwardians treat women, they werent important in those days and they saw them as nagging housewifes. We now this because of the way challenger treats his wife near the start of the book. Mrs Challenger is angry for the way the professor treated Ned, Challenger has enough and tells her shes gone too far and light-heartedly punishes her by putting her on top of a column in the hallway! This would not happen now purely because the wife would just leave you or slap you. Also we see how the Edwardians have their views on gender because they dont have a woman in the expedition, they mention one at the start, Gladys, Neds girlfriend and Mrs Challenger, thats it throughout the whole book we dont hear from any other women. BBC had to change it or else the female viewers would most likely get bored so they have a woman to go with them and she makes the story more exiting. The biggest difference we see between Doyles book and the BBCs Lost World is the end. In the book we have Ned planning to go again with Roxton this shows the eagerness of conquering for the British. In the book the characters pretend to have faked the whole thing to protect the environment and the species that lived there. This also shows how we think differently to the Edwardians towards nature. The last difference in the book and the film is that we have a priest in the film; he represents all the people against Darwin because he chops down the tree to have the explorers stranded in the plateau instead of Gomez. The book The Lost World is so interesting because of all those points I have written in my essay, but there is also little things, like each chapter leaves you on a cliff hanger making you want to read on but there is also loads of suspense and many questions going through your mind when you are reading the book like will they get off the plateau? How will they get off? What will happen to the Indians? This is why Doyle had so much success with this book.

Discussion Question 1 Week 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Question 1 Week 4 - Assignment Example The restaurant will require about $150,000 in order to be operational. The Smart fast food restaurant will be organized as a partnership business. This is because I intend to start the business in partnership with Mr. Johnson. We will hire three kitchen cooks who will be involved in preparing the fast foods. We will also need to hire one waiter and two customer support staff. Moreover we will also need to hire two sales persons. I will act as the human resource manager while Johnson will act as the sales manager. However, the Smart food restaurant aims at increasing the number of the employee as the business progresses. The Smart fast food restaurant will be stated with a capital base of $150,000. Johnson and I will contribute $50,000 as the starting capital the rest of capital will be borrowed from commercial banks. The following is an outline of the proposed financial plan This refers to the amount of money needed to cater for the initial cost in order to start a business. It includes the money required to purchase all the materials required to a start the business. In this case smart food restaurant requires about $80,000 for its start up cost. The monthly expenses refer to the cost the business is likely to incur at the end of the month. These costs include the cost of paying for insurance, and the cost of paying its employee. In this case the Smart fast food restaurant will require $50,000 to cater for its monthly cost This refers to the various sales estimates that the business aims at achieving at the end of certain period. In this case, the Smart food restaurant estimates that at the end of the month it will make sales worth $120,000. The smart fast food restaurant will mainly target to sell its food products to the business people found in the Los Angelis town. This is because most of the business people find it hard to leave their business to a have lunch in a hotel. The business will also target the college students since they also like

Movie the Italian Job (2003) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Movie the Italian Job (2003) - Essay Example The job was always successful without a drawback until one of the group member Steve (Edward Norton) gets greedy. He blows Bridger away, leaving the others for al fresco fish chow beneath an alpine lake. Only one person is more marked than Croker and that's the Bridger's daughter, safecracking specialist Stella (Charlize Theron). Still soggy, Croker and the lads return to LA where they enlist her services to take back the gold, and more importantly, stick it to Steve. According to Hamblin (2009), Charlie Crocker (Mark Wahlberg), and his group of thieves pulled off the crime of a lifetime by stealing a safe which was filled with gold bricks of thirty-five million dollars. But in this event, the thing that did not go according to his plan was the possibility of double cross by his own group members. And being cheated by his own group members his main aim was to take revenge of his mentor’s (Donald Sutherland) death. According to his review there are lots of similarities between the movies of 1969 and 2003. Both the characters Charlie Crocker and John Bridger are from the original movie of 1969. In a few cases the action scenes of this movie with three minis are same as the old one. There are similarities were in the moves used in the fights, such as traffic jams as well as in case of chases in a drain. (Hamblin, 2009, 290). The movie The Italian Job of 2003 is a smart funny movie with full of entertainment. Between the action scenes featuring wild boat rides through the canals of Venice, chase scenes involving the coolest little cars on wheels, and an intricately planned act of revenge lies a film filled with some great dialogue and smart acting by all the actors. According to Murray (nd), the movie starts off with a good and highly educated group of thieves pulling off the perfect heist, stealing huge amounts of gold from a strict guarded place in Venice. Till that point, everything was according to the plan, but one group pulls a double cross and therefo re taking out John Bridger (Donald Sutherland), and brains behind the entire group, forced to split up the group vows revenge on traitor Steve (Edward Norton). According to him the movie, takes off on a riotous ride over and under Downtown Los Angeles. The most important point associated with this film that stand out from the standard heist film of 1969, is mainly the attractive choice of casting of the movie, to match the character with actor for even the most minor player. â€Å"The Italian Job† works because all of the actors are totally believable. According to the report published in BBC by Stella Papmichael, the main difference with this movie and the original movie is adds wallop lacking in the original version. In the new movie the revenge adds wallop which is occasionally destabilized by Mark Wahlberg's cosmic anti-presence. In this new version of the movie, Charlize Theron is the key behind driving this movie forward , taking the wheel with quiet confidence. Accordi ng to Papmichael, It's just a shame the flirty cat-and-mouse game between Stella and Steve heads up a cul-de-sac to give way for Croker..The culminating 'big job', with a trio of Mini Coopers incongruously zipping through LA gridlock, has all the audacious mischief of its progenitor. The difference is you don't have to endure an hour of dull cockney banter